Breast cancer has various types. Although
different, these types share some common symptoms and the treatment options are
more or less the same. The types of cancers presenting in the breast are listed
below:
1. Ductal
carcinoma in situ (DCIS): it is the most common type of
noninvasive cancer in the breast. This type of cancer has not spread and
therefore usually has a very high cure rate.
2. Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS): is
another noninvasive carcinoma of the breast.
3. Invasive
ductal carcinoma: This cancer starts in a duct of
the breast and grows into the surrounding tissue. It is the most common form of
invasive cancer in the breast. It makes about 80% of the total invasive cancers
in the breast.
4. Invasive
lobular carcinoma: This breast cancer starts in the
milk producing glands of the breast and makes about 10% of total invasive
cancers in the breast.
5. Mucinous
carcinomas: these are
formed from mucus-producing cancer cells.
6. Mixed
tumors: these contain
a variety of cell types.
7. Medullary
carcinoma: it is an infiltrating cancer
that presents with well-defined boundaries between the cancerous and
noncancerous tissue.
8. Inflammatory breast
cancer: This cancer gives the skin of the
breast an appearance of infection making it red and warm. These changes are
mainly due to the blockage of lymph vessels by cancer cells.
9. Triple-negative
breast cancers: This is a subtype of invasive
cancer with cells that lack estrogen and progesterone receptors and have no
excess of a specific protein (HER2) on their surface. It tends to appear more
often in younger women and African-American women.
10. Paget's disease of
the nipple: This cancer starts in the ducts of
the breast and spreads to the nipple and the area surrounding the nipple. It
usually presents with crusting and redness around the nipple.
11. Adenoid
cystic carcinoma: These cancers have both glandular
and cystic features. They tend not to spread aggressively and have a good
prognosis.
12. Papillary carcinoma
13. Phyllodes tumor
14. Angiosarcoma
15. Tubular carcinoma
Risk factors for most diseases can be
divided into modifiable (such as alcohol use) or non-modifiable (such as age)
factors. The following are risk factors for breast cancer:
·
Age:
The chances of breast cancer increases with age.
·
Family
history: Having a close relative with the disease (sister, mother, or daughter)
doubles a woman's risk.
·
Personal
history: women previously diagnosed with breast cancer in one breast have an
increased risk of cancer in the other breast or the chance of an additional
cancer in the original breast.
·
Women
diagnosed with certain benign breast conditions also have an increased risk.
Most common condition is atypical hyperplasia, a condition in which there is
abnormal proliferation of breast cells but no cancer has developed.
·
Breast tissue: Women with dense breast tissue
(as documented by mammogram)
have a higher risk of breast cancer.
·
Race:
White women have a higher risk, but African-American women, when they do
develop cancer, tend to have more aggressive tumors.
·
Exposure to previous chest radiation or use of
diethylstilbestrol.
·
Having
no children or the first child after age 30.
·
Using
combined hormone therapy after menopause.
·
Excessive
alcohol use.
Breast
cancer symptoms depend upon the type,
severity and spread of cancer. It can present with a change in the appearance
and/or feel of the breast and/or nipple and a discharge from the nipple. The
main symptoms include:
·
Dimpling anywhere on the breast
·
Unexplained swelling or shrinkage of
the breast (especially if on one side only)
·
Any abnormal change in the size or
shape of one or both the breast
·
Inverted or slightly turned inward
nipple
·
Skin of the breast, areola, or
nipple that has ridges or pitting resembling the skin of an orange also known
as peau d’orange or becomes scaly, red, or swollen.
·
Nipple tenderness
·
a lump or thickening in or near the
breast or axila
·
a clear or blood stained discharge.
More information can be found on healthcarevilla.com.
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